NVL function is used to handle NULL values in a column.
NVL(columnName, valueIfColumnValueIsNotNull)
Example: Get student list with studentName, examGrade (if it is null put 50 instead)
SELECT studentName, NVL(examGrade, 50) FROM studentGrades
Note: An other way without NVL is to use CASE:
SELECT CASE WHEN examGrade IS NULL THEN 50 ELSE examGrade END FROM studentGrades
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